法律术语翻译要掌握什么?

  法律翻译需要译员有较强的词汇以及懂得法律知识，那么上海臻云翻译公司给大家分享法律术语翻译要掌握什么?

  Legal translation requires translators to have strong vocabulary and understand legal knowledge. What should we master in legal terminology translation?

  1、使用功能对等词

  1. Using functional equivalents

  我国和其他国家的法律术语，都有其特定的法律意义与效果，不可以随便改变形式。因此，译者在进行法律术语翻译的时候，应尽量寻求在本国法律中与原词对等或是接近对等的正式术语而不是任意自创新词，以免给读者来带误导，引起歧义或是解释上的争议。功能对等词指的是目标语法律体系中与原语法律体系中的某一特定概念具有相同功能的词。功能对等词通常是在法律术语翻译中没有确切对等词的时候使用。在没有确切的对等词的情况下，选择哪个词作为翻译的功能对等词，取决于目标语中术语概念与原语中术语概念的功能是否对等。

  The legal terms of China and other countries have their specific legal significance and effect, and the form can not be changed arbitrarily. Therefore, when translating legal terms, translators should try their best to seek formal terms equivalent to or close to the original words in their own laws, rather than arbitrarily creating new words, so as not to mislead readers, cause ambiguity or dispute over interpretation. Functional equivalents refer to words in the target language legal system that have the same function as a specific concept in the source language legal system. Functional equivalents are usually used when there is no exact equivalent in the translation of legal terms. When there is no exact equivalent, which word is chosen as the functional equivalent depends on whether the function of the term concept in the target language is equivalent to that in the source language.

  2、无对等词的翻译

  2. Translation without equivalents

  对等的概念是相对的，而不是绝对的。由于法律制度上存在着差异，国外的许多有关概念、原理或规范的专业术语在我国的法律中是完全不存在的，因此也无对等或是接近的对等词。遇到此种情形，法律术语翻译工作者不妨通过对原词意译做出正确的理解后，将之译为非法律专业用语的中性词，以免发生混淆。

  The concept of equivalence is relative, not absolute. Due to the differences in legal systems, many foreign professional terms related to concepts, principles or norms do not exist in China's law, so there is no equivalent or close equivalent. In this case, translators of legal terms may as well translate the original words into neutral words of non legal professional terms after making a correct understanding of the free translation of the original words, so as to avoid confusion.

  3、释义

  3. Interpretation

  释义就是用目标语里的中性语言把原语的含义表达出来。可以让目标语的读者更好地理解原语的含义，而不是只停留在字面意思上，从而可提高可读性。需要注意的是，当法律术语翻译工作者采用释义的方法时，实际上是在扮演一个由起草者的角色，所以要特别谨慎，并且尽可能的掌握第一手材料，正确理解原语的真正含义。法律术语翻译工作者如果单就字面意义直译或是望文生义的话，就无法将原词的真正含义准确完整的表达出来。

  Interpretation is to express the meaning of the source language in the neutral language of the target language. It can make the target language readers better understand the meaning of the original language, rather than just stay in the literal meaning, so as to improve readability. It should be noted that when legal terminology translators adopt the method of interpretation, they are actually playing the role of drafter, so they should be particularly careful, master first-hand materials as much as possible and correctly understand the real meaning of the original language. Legal terminology translators cannot express the true meaning of the original word accurately and completely if they only translate literally or literally.

  4、译借

  4. Translation and borrowing

  中国法制不断健全、完善的过程也是不断丰富中国法律术语的过程，而译借就是丰富法律术语体系的一个好方法。由于外语词和汉语词在发音、书写上都存在着很大的不同，外语借词进入汉语法律术语体系时，一般经过了“归化”的过程，也就是借词在音韵上或是书写上经过稍微改动，使它与汉语的本土词相似。所以说，译借也是进行法律术语翻译的一种很好的方法。

  The process of perfecting China's legal system is also a process of enriching Chinese legal terms, and translation and borrowing is a good way to enrich the legal term system. Because there are great differences in pronunciation and writing between foreign language words and Chinese words, when foreign language loanwords enter the Chinese legal terminology system, they generally go through the process of "domestication", that is, the loanwords have been slightly changed in phonology or writing to make them similar to Chinese local words. Therefore, translation borrowing is also a good way to translate legal terms.