合同翻译的特点有什么？

  合同翻译比其他文件更正式、严谨、复杂，还经常涉及到一些专业术语，下面上海臻云人工翻译机构给大家分享合同翻译的特点有什么?

  Contract translation is more formal, rigorous and complex than other documents, and often involves some professional terms. What are the characteristics of contract translation shared by Shanghai Zhenyun artificial translation agency?

  1.专业术语的使用

  1. Use of professional terms

  由于依法成立的商务合同是具有法律约束力的法律性文件，所以商务合同的拟定通常习惯使用法律词语、合同术语，其意义单一、明确、无歧义，且不带有感情色彩。

  Because the business contract established by law is a legal document with legal binding force, the drafting of business contract is usually used to use legal words and contract terms, which have a single, clear, unambiguous meaning and have no emotional color.

  2.书面语的使用

  2. Use of written language

  由于商务英语合同要对交易各方的权利、义务和行为准则的准确涵义和范围进行直接而明确的规定，为此，商务英语合同常用书面用词，以体现其正式、严谨的文体特征。

  As the business English contract should directly and clearly stipulate the rights, obligations and the exact meaning and scope of the code of conduct of all parties involved in the transaction, the business English contract often uses written words to reflect its formal and rigorous stylistic features.

  3.同义词、并列词的使用

  3. Use of synonyms and juxtapositions

  国际商务合同力求正式而准确，避免可能出现的误解或分歧，所以同义词(近义词)并列的现象十分普遍。成对近义词已当做习惯用语来用，这些词组都表示一些固定的含义，在合同写作和翻译时都不能随意拆分，这种结构的使用克服了由于英语词一词多意可能产生的语意不明、避免合同双方按各自的意图来理解合同条文，体现了英语合同语言的庄重和严谨。

  International business contracts strive to be formal and accurate, avoiding possible misunderstandings or differences, so the phenomenon of synonyms (synonyms) juxtaposition is very common. Pairs of synonyms have been used as idioms. These phrases all express some fixed meanings, which can't be separated at will in contract writing and translation. The use of this structure overcomes the ambiguity of meaning due to the multiple meanings of English words, and avoids both parties to understand the contract terms according to their own intentions, which reflects the solemnity and preciseness of the English contract language.

  4.古体语的使用

  4. Use of ancient Chinese

  商务合同语言的另外一个特点就是古语的频繁使用。古语词属于具有正式用语风格的词，这些古英语词汇不但可以避免用词重复和文句过长而且还使合同语句简练、准确、有说服力。

  Another characteristic of business contract language is the frequent use of ancient language. Archaic words are words with formal language style. These archaic English words can not only avoid repetition of words and long sentences, but also make contract sentences concise, accurate and persuasive.

  5.情态动词的使用

  5. Use of modal verbs

  合同的签定目的是为了明确合同双方的权利、义务和责任，以避免产生法律纠纷，所以在合同条款中大多是描述双方“必须做的事情”、“允许做的事情”和“禁止做的事情”，因此，会经常使用到shall，may，must，shallnot，maynot等情态动词，这些词除了用来表示将来时态外，在法律上更具有其特殊的意义，翻译起来需要特别谨慎。Shall：在合同中一般用来表示合同上的义务(Obligation)即应该做什么。如未履行，即视为违约，并承担某种赔偿责任。所以，shall在译文里，通常表示“应该”或“必须”，May：在合同中一般用来表示合同上的权利(Right)、权限(Power)或特权(Privilege)即可以做什么。如果用来表示某种权利在法律上具有强制性，则多使用“beentitled”。Must：一般使用在有法律强制的情况下，即表示必须做什么，语气和强制力要比shall强烈。Will：一般使用在没有法律强制的情况下，用做表示承担义务的声明，语气和强制力比Shall弱。Should：在合同中一般只用来表示语气较弱的假设，多翻译成“万一”或“如果”，极少译成“应该”。Maynot(或shallnot)：在合同中一般用来表示禁止性的义务，即不能做什么。商务英语合同中的情态表达大多都属于意态范畴而非情态范畴。限定性情态动词的使用既简洁又明了，避免避免了因合同条款的歧义而引起纠纷。

  The purpose of signing a contract is to clarify the rights, obligations and responsibilities of both parties to avoid legal disputes. Therefore, most of the contract terms describe the "must do", "allowed to do" and "prohibited to do" of both parties. Therefore, modal verbs such as "shall, may, must, shall not, maynot" are often used. In addition to these words, they are used to indicate that Besides the coming tense, it has its special significance in law, so it needs to be translated carefully. Shall: in a contract, it is generally used to express the obligations on the contract, that is, what should be done. If it fails to perform, it shall be deemed as a breach of contract and bear some liability for compensation. Therefore, in the translation, shall usually means "should" or "must", may: in the contract, it is generally used to indicate the right, power or privilege on the contract, that is, what can be done. If it is used to indicate that a certain right is legally compulsory, the word "beientitled" is often used. Must: it is generally used in the case of legal coercion, that is, to indicate what must be done. The tone and coercion are stronger than shall. Will: it is generally used as a declaration of commitment when there is no legal force. Its tone and force are weaker than that of will. Should: Generally speaking, in a contract, it is only used to express the hypothesis with weaker tone. Most of them are translated into "in case" or "if", but few into "should". Maynot (or shall not): generally used in contracts to express prohibited obligations, that is, what can not be done. Most of the modal expressions in Business English contracts belong to the category of intention rather than modality. The use of finite modal verbs is concise and clear, avoiding disputes caused by ambiguity of contract terms.

  6.缩略语的使用

  6. Use of abbreviations

  我们都知道，商务合同中经常会使用一些国际上通用并认可的缩略词。因此如何正确翻译商务中的缩略词非常重要。

  As we all know, some internationally accepted abbreviations are often used in business contracts. Therefore, it is very important to translate abbreviations in business.

  但要注意：

  Note:

  (1)国家名称可以缩写，但街道名称中的Road，Street等最好不要缩写。

  (1) the country name can be abbreviated, but the road and street in the street name should not be abbreviated.

  (2)月份名和星期名最好不要缩写，只有在列表时为了节省空间才缩写。

  (2) it is better not to abbreviate the month name and the week name, only in order to save space when listing.

  (3)表示长度、重量、面积、体积等单位名称，一般不用缩写，只有在列表中与数字直接放在一起时才使用缩写，且无单复数之分。

  (3) it refers to the name of length, weight, area, volume and other units. Generally, abbreviations are not used. Abbreviations are only used when they are directly put together with numbers in the list, and there is no singular or plural.