影响医学英文翻译的因素有哪些

  如今的医学交流越来越多了，为了能更好的交流，要掌握医学英文，然而医学英文的结构严谨，逻辑严密等等因素。所以在医学英文翻译中要正确理解和翻译所阅读的医学文献，那么影响医学英文翻译的因素有哪些呢?

  Nowadays, there are more and more medical exchanges. In order to better communicate, it is necessary to master medical English. However, medical English has strict structure, strict logic and so on. Therefore, in medical English translation, we should correctly understand and translate the medical literature we read, so what are the factors affecting medical English translation?

  1、医学英文的翻译标准

  1. Translation standards of medical English

  翻译是按社会认知需要、在具有不同规则的符号系统之间所作的信息传递过程，是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容准确而又完整地再现出来的语言活动。医学英文的翻译同样脱离不了翻译的这一本质，因此其翻译标准也同其他翻译实践一样应坚持忠实和通顺的原则，即一切医学英语译文都应包含原文的思想内容，表达上要准确、完整、科学和规范，译文不得有生硬晦涩、结构混乱以及文理不同的现象。

  Translation is a process of information transmission between symbol systems with different rules according to the needs of social cognition. It is a language activity that uses one language to accurately and completely reproduce the ideological content expressed in another language. Medical English translation is also inseparable from the essence of translation. Therefore, its translation standard, like other translation practices, should adhere to the principle of faithfulness and smoothness, that is, all medical English translations should contain the ideological content of the original text, and the expression should be accurate, complete, scientific and standardized. The translation should not have rigid and obscure, chaotic structure and different arts and Sciences.

  2、医学英语翻译中词汇的特点及处理方法

  2. Characteristics and processing methods of vocabulary in medical English translation

  医学英语词汇的特点是具有很强的专业性，词的意义严格受到所搭配的词和语境的限制，因此，在对医学英语进行翻译的过程中，必须根据语境和词语之间搭配情况，对词义和词法做出相应的转变和处理，使译文文字通顺、得体、规范。

  Medical English vocabulary is characterized by strong professionalism, and the meaning of words is strictly limited by the matched words and context. Therefore, in the process of medical English translation, we must change and deal with the word meaning and morphology according to the context and collocation between words, so as to make the translated text smooth, appropriate and standardized.

  3、医学英语句型结构特点对翻译的影响

  3. The influence of sentence structure characteristics of medical English on Translation

  医学英语属于科技文体，主要表达医学科技的事实与概念，传递交流基础和临床医学的信息，[2]要求结构严谨、逻辑严密、用词精确，表达准确，又由于医学文章以叙事推理为重，强调客观性，因而，医学英语句型结构表现出了多用长句、从句和被动句的形式特点。大量从句和被动句的使用使得医学英语的句子意义往往不能仅从其外形结构做出判断，从句中连词、关系词的连接、指代关系以及被动句中主语与谓语之间的表达方式都成为了影响医学英语翻译的重要因素。

  Medical English belongs to the style of science and technology, which mainly expresses the facts and concepts of medical science and technology and transmits the information of basic and clinical medicine. [2] it requires rigorous structure, strict logic, accurate words and accurate expression. Because medical articles focus on narrative reasoning and emphasize objectivity, the sentence structure of medical English shows multi-purpose long sentences The formal characteristics of clauses and passive sentences. Due to the use of a large number of clauses and passive sentences, the sentence meaning of medical English can not be judged only from its shape and structure. The conjunction, the connection of relative words, the referential relationship in clauses and the expression between subject and predicate in passive sentences have become important factors affecting medical English translation.

  4、长句、难句对翻译的影响及处理

  4. The influence of long and difficult sentences on translation and its treatment

  医学英语的思想内容决定了其表现形式无法被简单的句子结构所容纳，必须借助长句、从句，有时甚至是较多的从句嵌套才能完成意义的构建。句子结构的复杂性给翻译理解带来了较多的障碍和困难，因为译者不仅要看懂句子的外形结构，还要能理解其深层结构的逻辑关系，才能准确地把握语义。

  The ideological content of medical English determines that its form of expression can not be accommodated by simple sentence structure. The construction of meaning can only be completed with the help of long sentences, clauses and sometimes even more nested clauses. The complexity of sentence structure brings more obstacles and difficulties to translation understanding, because translators should not only understand the shape and structure of sentences, but also understand the logical relationship of their deep structure in order to accurately grasp semantics.